Digital twins of the human body or the entire drug manufacturing process: both very ambitious and very promising

With advances in Computational Modeling and Simulation (CM&S), interactive digital twins of patient-specific organs can be created to predict the interactions of a specific drug with those organs. Ongoing research now connects these digital twins toward a Personal Digital Avatar of the entire human body. Similarly, digital twins of drug manufacturing equipment such as bioreactor, spray dryer, etc. help to optimize the productivity of each equipment. The future will include a digital twin of the entire drug manufacturing plant. These very ambitious but realistic approaches will increase patient safety and business opportunity.